We call it Constipation in medicine if the duration is more than 48 hours. Constipation is related to frequent health problems and, according to medical statistics, occur most often in young children and the elderly. In highly developed Western countries up to ten percent of the total population suffer from chronic or persistent constipation and amongst women it is three times more often than amongst men.

Well, many people are constipated when traveling or after stress and surgery. These locks are held when returning to normal life and are not considered disease. If they occur frequently and have become like a commonplace you require careful diagnosis and treatment.
Causes of constipation are different:

• diet, a poor vegetable fibers, in combination with a small amount of fluid consumed and sedentary life;
• disease of the gastrointestinal tract i.e. peptic ulcer, chronic pancreatitis, dysbacteriosis, irritable bowel syndrome, tumors of the colon;
• accumulation of hardened feces in the intestines or fecal stones;
• diseases of the anus i.e. anal fissures, hemorrhoids, paraproctitis, accompanied by significant pain and prevent bowel;
• neurological diseases i.e. stroke, Parkinson’s disease, damage and tumors of the spinal cord, multiple sclerosis;
• endocrine diseases (hypothyroidism, diabetes, etc.);
• intake of certain drugs (atropine, bicarb, almagel, cocaine, etc.);
• long-term depression.

Treatment of constipation

If persistent constipation due to intestinal tumor occurs, a surgical treatment is needed. In other cases the treatment program includes:

• A diet with the inclusion of foods rich in fiber: fruits, vegetables, coarse black bread (sometimes especially food bran) and not less than 2 liters of fluid a day. Feed on you regularly, at least 5 times a day.
• Medicines (oil with fish oil, sunflower oil, etc.) and cleansing enemas.
• Physical exercise.
• Cancel drugs that weaken the reduction of the intestine like atropine, bicarb, almagel, some antidepressants.

If the above steps are not sufficiently effective, doctors prescribe laxatives.

Diarrhea (Diarrhoea) is more often characterized like the one with too frequent bowel movements in which the faeces are being of soft or liquid consistency.

Under the acute diarrhea is a changing in feaces consistency increased frequency (more than 3 times per day) and of less than 4 weeks. Although in most cases diarrhea stops itself, acute diarrhea is still an important component of morbidity and mortality, especially among children and the elderly people. Acute diarrhea refers to sophisticated kind of disease. Possible causal factors include the acceptance of drugs as well as infectious pathogens or their toxins, inflammatory or ischemic bowel disease, carbohydrates, inflammation of the pelvis. In developed countries, the most frequent cause of diarrhea are viruses such as adenoviruses, rotaviruses etc.

Viral diarrhea

Amongst the various options for viral diarrhea are the most important clinical diarrhea rotavirus. The most common form of infectious diarrhea is more often seen amongst children which is caused by a virus of Norfolk, as well as adeno-and astroviruses. The clinical picture of viral diarrhea attention is drawn to the frequent combination of diarrhea and fever with dyspeptic disorders, and often (with rotavirus diarrhea) and with the defeat of the upper respiratory tract. The appropriate diagnosis is confirmed by detection of the virus by electron microscopy or for special immunological studies (e.g. monoclonal antibodies). Diarrhea which is being caused by a virus usually perceived as favorable. Duration of disease does not exceed usually 35 days. Treatment is symptomatic and is to remove water-electrolyte disorders.
Diarrhea may develop in intestinal infections, various inflammatory bowel disease (e.g. colitis),anxiety, as well as irritable bowel syndrome. Strong or diarrhea persisting for too long can lead to significant loss of body fluids, salts and nutrients.

Viral diarrhea if acquired in modern medical practice is referred as the one of particular relevance. Amongst cases with children, the leading etiological factor causing acute infectious diarrhea is rotavirus. Most of rotavirus diarrhea amongst children under 2 years old is seen in the form of sporadic cases are possible epidemic of rotavirus infection, most often in the winter. In adults, rotavirus gastroenteritis is rarely a pathogen and the process they caused, runs erased.

Treatment of diarrhea

Treatment is directed at eliminating the causes that caused the diarrhea. For example, when injected stuff like parenterally hypovitaminosis or appropriate vitamins in medical terms, when appointed stomach gastric juice or its substitutes, with pancreatic insufficiency – pancreatin or panzinorm as well as Festal, etc. If diarrhea has occurred and is not related to infection, showing light diet aspect i.e. restriction of carbohydrates, fats of animal refractory origin, frequent small feedings, thorough chewing of food. As symptomatic of using calcium carbonate, bismuth preparations or decoctions of oak bark, grasses, hypericum, serpentine root, cinquefoil, or burnet one as well as wild cherry fruit, extract of blueberries, alder aggregate fruits, flowers, chamomile tincture of belladonna etc. With the diarrhea caused by dysbiosis shall appoint kolibakterin, lactobacterin, bifikol, bifidumbacterin.

Self-diagnosis of the causes of abdominal pain

Everyone knows, that stomach ache is one of the most frequent complaints of patients when coming to the doctor. Indeed, everyone in life at least once felt the hit in the stomach and the discomfort that causes abdominal pain in some cases heavy compared with other pain. Causes of symptoms for stomach ache are a lot and can be as disease of the intestine or just stomach as well as liver and gall bladder and pancreas or even inflammation appendicitis and kidney. In some cases even heart problems can also cause abdominal pain. In a separate group can be identified disease causing abdominal pain with more typical for women who testify about the possible diseases of the urinary system or internal genital organs.

As you can see that the reason that the stomach hurts a lot and for the correct diagnosis most likely is extremely important to correctly identify all the characteristics of abdominal pain:

• Localization of pain i.e. the place the greatest pain (for a precise definition should lie on your back and gently palpate the stomach, finding the place causing the greatest pain)
• Type of pain i.e. pain may be sharp and dull, aching, inflates and compressive
• Accompanying symptoms i.e. vomiting, nausea, fever, diarrhea, increased pain during certain activities or making certain provisions of the body.
• That preceded the emergence of pain and it’s development after a nervous tension, physical exertion, eating, drinking alcohol, etc.

Determination of initial diagnosis for abdominal pain

The most common erroneous action of patients when a stomach ache is receiving pain medication, especially when strong pains and prolonged pain. Each of us knows from school that pain is one of the protective functions of the body which signals the different diseases. And get rid of the pain we are absolutely not the decisive reason for its occurrence. With the strong and prolonged pain in the abdomen when the treatment to the doctor is necessary by taking pain medications can complicate the correct diagnosis.

Preliminary identification of the causes of abdominal pain and abdominal pain can be defined using the card abdomen. Align the localization of their own pain with the placement of internal organs. But this is only an approximate determination of the reasons for many diseases the localization of pain is the same. To clarify the reasons for visit:

• Determine a preliminary diagnosis for abdominal pain.
• Determination of initial diagnosis in abdominal pain.

Stomach diseases (Overview by the Russian Health Dpt.)

We often hear and see in the advertising offers like: “Discounted tours and huge discounts on travel! Perfect make-up: how to apply shadow Holidays in the resorts of Cyprus with tours from USD400. Faster and cheaper than a villa! Book a citrus juicer and consume fresh juice every day! Helpful for stomach deceases! But is that really true?

From common sense we know that most stomach troubles in the summer period are due to infection. Over the sufferer who kept running around to fix need like to play pranks and eating various stuff do not even think how serious the consequences may be such a bustle. Meanwhile, intestinal infections, such as salmonella may cause not only too serious ailments, but also contagious to others.

“Disease of dirty hands” can become infected through the water as well as through food or in the event that does not take into account the requirements of daily hygiene. Manifestations of gastric diseases almost indistinguishable among themselves, and find an adequate diagnosis is possible only on the basis of bacteriological examination. All intestinal disease in similar ways: with abdominal pain, nausea and rackets. Often this phenomenon is characterized by high fever. Detected infectious agents like salmonella, dysentery, or Escherichia coli may determine the appropriate treatment procedures.

Frequent walking to the bathroom leads to the danger of so called dehydration rights. Lack of water and salts can have serious complications causing infection, toxic shock, extreme kidney failure and pneumonia sometimes followed by heart attack and failure of cerebral circulation. The most rapid dehydration occurs amongst children and the investigation process may be too complicated, sometimes lethal.

Do we have to treat at home? If the patient’s health is not alarming the doctor may allow him/her to stay on treatment at home. Typically, it takes about a week staying at a rigid diet in order to organize the effective work of the stomach. Medications ordered by your doctor are also a necessity which has to be used and before the arrival of the doctor a sick person has to be placed in a separate room, to give him individual dishes and toilet facilities.

Also, the WC room must be thoroughly cleaned with detergents, which include chlorine, does not prevent the emergence of microbes.

What food stuff is perceived dangerous at this stage? Cakes, whipped cream, cheese, milk that you buy regularly at the market most be avoided since they may be the causes of infection. Reliable are the dairy products that have manufacturing sterilization, or if you do them urgently treated at home. In summer it is better not have cooked boiled eggs. You are in danger, while eating in the summer jellies, blood and liver sausage. Dangerous products at this very period of time are: sliced watermelon, which remained in the refrigerator, corn and peas porridge, mashed potatoes, salad and olive trees.

Please do not worry when the symptoms of diarrhea occur since that does not last more than two days, accompanied by fever, yellowing of the protein does not appear in his eyes, and a correction needs deprived of blood and mucus, a diarrhea advised to treat yourself.

First, refrain from eating at the time comprise a period of 1-2 days. At the same time a patient needs a lot of drinking on a hourly basis like a mug of warm tea or boiled water per hour! In addition, it is necessary to know whether a patient loses sodium and chlorine. This loss can be resumed with the use a glass of boiled water in which to breed a small spoonful of salt.

It is desirable to prepare and therapeutic compotes made by 2-3 potatoes, regular-sized grate on large grater, cover with 2 cups of cold water, bring to a boil, cook for 20 minutes, drain, cool, and before eating – a little salt the. You may use also compote of dried apricots, bananas. Sugar is added should not be with drink of herbal can make disinfection stomach. Tablespoon of oak bark pour a glass of boiled water, to insist 15 minutes in a water bath, drain and drink 1 / 4 cup 3-4 times a day.

Drink a green walnut or peel a pomegranate can be done in the same way. Not bad disinfect the intestines drinks with blueberries.

Some Docs recommend to accessible mint tea but that’s not suitable for everyone. Two teaspoons of dried peppermint pour a glass of boiled water and insist in a sealed pan 5 minutes, then drain.

Intestinal infections disrupt the intestinal absorption, and drugs will not have the desired effect.

Do not rush to use and advertised drugs. They briefly paralyzing the muscles of the stomach, then the pain weakens and rackets stops. But the causes of disease – the pathogens and their toxins – more remain in the body.

Ulcer of stomach. Treatment procedures

There are conservative and operative ways of treatment for gastric ulcers as well as duodenal ulcers which one can easily observe in hospitals.

Conservative treatment of gastric ulcers and 12 duodenal ulcer differs not much i.e. within 12 to 15 week period most of the gastric ulcer stuff is normally cured successfully and the healing period comes.

What is the conservative treatment of gastric ulcers and duodenal ulcers?

1. Diet is the first initial instrument in the treatment of ulcers. The patient should set a limit for some kinds of food. The food recommended is aimed to stimulate increased secretion of gastric juice. It is not recommended for dairy products to be consumed since they increase the secretion of acid. Also, you have to remember that things like caffeine and alcohol stimulate secretion of gastric juice also. We recommend having meals 3 times a day with some snacks in between. It is very important also to avoid periods of hunger and overeating. When you are eating or sit please do not get up immediately after the meal i.e. it is better to stay in the same position within an hour or so. It should not be there for 3 hours before bedtime since the food at night can cause nocturnal secretion of gastric juice. Antacids such as drugs, neutralizing acidity etc. should take half an hour time period before eating and 3 hours after. We do not recommend to consume milk as an antacid because it increases the secretion of gastric juice.

2. Antacids consumed in duration of the treatment of ulcers period should contain chemical compounds, neutralized with hydrochloric acid in the stomach.
Remember, hydrochloric acid and pepsin (a component of gastric juice) can not digest food. The basic structure of antacids is magnesium or aluminum which is also known as almagel. Quite often, some patients use soda as an antacid which is also not recommended. The first reason for rejection of soda is that excessive consumption of soda leads to accumulation of sodium in the blood and its alkalization. Secondly, the PR and neutralize acid ash produced carbon dioxide, which stretching the stomach and again stimulates the secretion of gastric juice.

3. The main drugs in the treatment of ulcers are the ones H2 blockers. These drugs block specific cell receptors in the gastric mucosa. This leads to the fact that in response to food intake is reduced reflex selection of hydrochloric acid. Such drugs include, for example, famotidine, ranitidine, and many others.

4. Blockers Na-K-ATPase are widely used since these drugs reduce the secretion of hydrochloric acid.

H2 blockers

Ranitidine is one of the most effective preparation of H2 blockers for histamine receptors of the stomach. It has wealthy antisecretory effect, reducing the content in gastric secret hydrochloric acid and pepsin, and the levels of secretion in general. The remedy increases the pH of gastric content and duration of ranitidine after a single dose comprise about 12 hours, so that in some cases it can be applied in the schemes of eradication therapy. According to up-to-date studies, the effectiveness of such schemes is close to those in which the use of proton pump blockers.

The drug is produced in tablet form for 150 and 300 mg, as well as a solution for injection (50 mg in ampoule). For the treatment of relapse of gastric ulcer ranitidine is more often used in a dose of 150 mg 2 times a day in the morning and evening. In some cases the dose of 300 mg is also recommended once at night. In duodenal ulcer is more effective dosage of 300 mg 2 times a day (morning and evening). Increasing the dose does not increase the frequency of side effects.

Possible side effects

Side effects of ranitidine from the gastrointestinal tract which are possible to face are: nausea, vomiting, dry mouth, constipation, abdominal pain, sometimes it can develop drug-induced hepatitis, occur more rarely diarrhea. In some cases on the part of the hemopoietic system can be observed leucopenia with thrombocytopenia decrease in numbers of leukocytes and platelets in the blood. Also, in terms of cardiovascular system the possible effects may be like the development of arrhythmias or heart block, as well as in lowering blood pressure and bradycardia. Allergic reactions are characterized by the appearance of skin rashes, and urticaria, angioedema, bronchospasm. For women, in rare cases may develop amenorrhea whereas for men it could be a decrease in libido and impotence.

Digestion problems. Ulcer treatment

General information

It is well known that diseases of the digestive system are more often widespread and relapses. That is the reason why mostly for treatment of such diseases doctors prescribe synthetic drugs which in its therapeutic pros have a number of cons i.e. many side effects. The advantage of herbal preparations, of course, is to be considered as a broad spectrum of action joined with minimal side effects.

When talking about peptic ulcer disease we\\’ d better start with the fact that in some cases the treatment procedures of ulcer patients should pay more attention to the folk methods of treatment approach for stomach ulcers.

What is ulcer?

Stomach ulcer is seen as the most common case amongst the range of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. According to statistical data obtained for Western countries from various researching firms the suffering from for stomach ulcer varies from three to eighteen persons per thousand of the population.

Ulcerative lesions can be described as follows:

1. Ulcers that appear when the disease occurs due to hormone disorders of central nervous system problems.
2. Endocrine ulcers which not a rare case in Central Asia region.
3. Circulatory hypoxic-ulcerative lesions.
4. Medicinal ulceration.
5. Toxic and allergic lesions of the gastric mucosa.
6. Specific ones which appear when a person suffers from syphilis or tuberculosis, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Susceptibility towards peptic ulcer disease might be perceived as an attribute to a breach of regulatory mechanisms of the nervous system. In addition to that the emergence and aggravation of ulcers may be affected by injury or fatigue and a regular lack of sleep, disruption of hormonal system. Also, it may be a combined thing together with disease of the pancreas or violations trophics gastritis and congenital antitrypsin deficiency and other factors. In addition, it is worth mentioning there are a number possess factors that may lead to development of disease such as alcoholism and smoking.

Doctors claim we can\\’ t reject the influence of Helicobacter pylori bacteria which is commonly present inside patients with gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer. The above mentioned bacteria was opened by Dr. Barry Marshall and Robin Warren in the year 2005 so that they were awarded the Nobel Prize in medicine. The bacterium is attached to the wall of the stomach and can remain there until the end of life of the patient. While growing in number the bacteria destroys the lining of the stomach and creates the conditions for the emergence of ulceration.

Treatment of gastric ulcers

During the treatment period it is more common that the patient needs hospitalization. The meals should be specified and the feeding of patients during treatment is to be divided into three phases. That means for the first week of hospitalization it should be a strong diet then to be followed by less restrictions for the week two and three.

Before the discovery of Helicobacter pylori bacteria the treatment was based on antacid preparations such as Almagel, magnesium oxide, etc. Also, binders and cathartic drugs joined with antispasmodic (No-Spa, papaverine hydrochloride) we used in some cases. Nowadays, the treatment of ulcers is being treated with antibiotics and antiulcer drugs such as omez and others.

Describe the specific treatment regimen is not possible, because treatment can be non-standard and depend on many factors, such as patient’s age, his general physical condition, presence of concomitant diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (gastritis, duodenitis, and others).

Complications during gastric ulcer

The disease is characterized by the appearance of a large number of complications such as perforation, bleeding and deformities, ulcers in the transformation of the malignant tumor, dyskinesia of the gallbladder, vegetative-vascular dystonia, cholecystitis, hepatosis, pancreatitis. Well, seeing this huge list you can imagine how serious ulcer is and what a number of troubles it can cause.

Prevention of gastric ulcers

The most common preventive measures are compliance with the daily routines, hygiene of labor, the rejection of alcohol and smoking. It is important to pay attention to diet and food quality. People with stomach ulcers is not recommended food, heated or cooked in microwave ovens. In autumn and spring periods, as appropriate, patients should undergo prophylactic treatment courses.